Epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), also known as epigallocatechin-3-gallate, is the ester of epigallocatechin and gallic acid, and is a type of catechin.
EGCG, the most abundant catechin in tea, is a polyphenol under basic research for its potential to affect human health and disease. EGCG is used in many dietary supplements.
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Food sources
Tea
It is found in high content in the dried leaves of green tea (7380 mg per 100 g), white tea (4245 mg per 100 g), and in smaller quantities, black tea. During black tea production, the catechins are mostly converted to theaflavins and thearubigins via polyphenol oxidases.
Other
Trace amounts are found in apple skin, plums, onions, hazelnuts, pecans, and carob powder (at 109 mg per 100 g).
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Bioavailability
When taken orally, EGCG has poor absorption even at daily intake equivalent to 8-16 cups of green tea, an amount causing adverse effects such as nausea or heartburn. After consumption, EGCG blood levels peak within 1.7 hours. The absorbed plasma half-life is ~5 hours, but with majority of unchanged EGCG excreted into urine over 0 to 8 hours. Methylated metabolites appear to have longer half-lives and occur at 8-25 times the plasma levels of unmetabolized EGCG.
Research
Well-studied in basic research, EGCG has various biological effects in laboratory studies.
As of 2014, seventeen clinical trials were ongoing, studying EGCG in numerous clinical conditions. A 2011 analysis by the EFSA found that a cause and effect relationship could not be shown for a link between tea catechins and reduction of LDL.
Regulation
Over 2008 to 2017, the US Food and Drug Administration issued several warning letters to manufacturers of dietary supplements containing EGCG for violations of the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act. The warnings were issued because the products had not been established as safe and effective for their marketed uses and were promoted as "new drugs", without approval as required under the Act.
Source of the article : Wikipedia
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